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CALLBACKS IN C++ USING TEMPLATE FUNCTORS
A detailed paper by Rich Hickey on the concept of callbacks and the usage of
template functors to realize them.
CALLBACKS IN C++ USING TEMPLATE FUNCTORS Copyright 1994 Rich Hickey INTRODUCTION One of the many promises of Object-Oriented programming is that it will allow for plug-and-play software design with re-usable components
Callbacks provide a mechanism whereby independently developed objects may be connected together
Callbacks are in wide use, however current implementations differ and most suffer from shortcomings, not the least of which is their lack of generality
This article describes what callbacks are, how they are used, and the criteria for a good callback mechanism
It summarizes current callback methods and their weaknesses
It then describes a flexible, powerful and easy-to-use callback technique based on template functors - objects that behave like functions
CALLBACK FUNDAMENTALS What Are Callbacks? When designing application or sub-system specific components we often know all of the classes with which the component will interact and thus explicity code interfaces in terms of those classes
Such a 'type-blind' call mechanism is often referred to as a callback
A callback might be used for simple notification, two-way communication, or to distribute work in a process
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.:: C++ Callback Solution - By Arash Partow ::.
A solution to the problem of passing class methods as Callbacks in the C++ language
using a template pattern.
C++ Callback Solution www.partow.net Main Menu Topics Unlike other languages such as Object Pascal and Ada, C++ does not offer a native solution to the issue of passing a class's method as a callback function
template < class Class, typename ReturnType, typename Parameter > class SingularCallBack { public: typedef ReturnType (Class::*Method)(Parameter); SingularCallBack(Class* _class_instance, Method _method) { class_instance = _class_instance; method = _method; }; ReturnType operator()(Parameter parameter) { return (class_instance->*method)(parameter); }; ReturnType execute(Parameter parameter) { return operator()(parameter); }; private: Class* class_instance; Method method; }; Usage of the template is very simple
Other than that little problem, instantiating the SingularCallBack as an object pointer will allow you to have a vector of callbacks, or any other kind of grouping which is highly desirable in event driven programming
Lets assume the following 2 classes exist, and that we want to have methodB() as our callback method
The proof that the callback really worked is if we see the line 'I am class A :D' in the stdout
libsigc++ -- The Typesafe Callback Framework for C++
Implements a full callback system for use in widget libraries, abstract interfaces,
and general programming. [LGPL]
Callback Framework for C++ libsigc++ implements a typesafe callback system for standard C++
It allows you to define signals and to connect those signals to any callback function, either global or a member function, regardless of whether it is static or virtual
It also contains adaptor classes for connection of dissimilar callbacks and has an ease of use unmatched by other C++ callback libraries
Compile time typesafe callbacks (faster than run time checks) Typesafety violations report line number correctly with template names (no tracing template failures into headers) No compiler extensions or meta compilers required Proper handling of dynamic objects and signals (deleted objects will not cause seg faults) Extendable API at any level: signal, slot, connection and trackable Extensions do not require alteration of basic components User definable accumulators A variety of adaptors to change the callback signature: bind, hide, retype, compose and lambda call groups Various compilers and platforms are supported: gcc, cygwin, mingw32, MS .NET 2003, Sun Forte C++, Compaq C++, Intel C++, IBM AIX, Tru64, IRIX MipsPro
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